Knowledge · Natural Compounds

Frankincense (Boswellia)

Frankincense is the gum resin of the genus Boswellia; studies in humans show improvements especially in joint complaints and inflammation markers 1 2 6 7 29 38.

Last updated: 2026-10-15

We evaluated 215 human studies on Frankincense (Boswellia), including 94 randomised controlled trials and 17 meta-analyses or systematic reviews; the controlled studies include 7,221 participants in total. As of 9 October 2026.

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1. What Is Frankincense (Boswellia)? Occurrence, Origin and Forms

Frankincense is the resin of trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. It has long been used as incense and is a customary remedy in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine in India and the Middle East. Studies mostly examine an extract of the resin that is standardised for its content of boswellic acids.

Boswellia species grow in dry regions of India, Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; Boswellia serrata comes from India, Boswellia sacra from the Arabian Peninsula. Cultivation is limited, and most of the resin comes from wild stands.

The resin is obtained by cutting the bark of the trunks; the sap that runs out hardens in the air into lumps of resin. Human studies mainly examine extracts with a stated content of boswellic acids, as well as the resin itself, powdered preparations, and topical ointments or oils.

Forms and Preparations Studied

Resin in lumps, as used for incense
Powder made from the resin
Extract with a stated content of boswellic acids
Capsules or tablets containing resin or extract
Ointments and oils for topical use
Essential oil from the resin

Not covered on this page:

Myrrh, the resin of Commiphora species, even though the two are often used together as incense
Incense blends for ritual use that contain additives besides the resin
Other resins and tree exudates that are also sold under the name frankincense

2. What Does Frankincense (Boswellia) Do? Results by Area

Area	Result in controlled studies	Strength of evidence	Studies	Participants
Joints and musculoskeletal system	mostly improved	high	6 meta-analyses · 15 controlled · 29 other	1,002
Inflammatory processes	mostly improved	high	1 meta-analyses · 15 controlled · 21 other	1,035
Gut	mixed	moderate	1 meta-analyses · 5 controlled · 9 other	328
Skin	mixed	moderate	0 meta-analyses · 5 controlled · 4 other	159
Respiratory tract	mostly improved	low	0 meta-analyses · 1 controlled · 5 other	47
Tolerability and safety	mostly no difference	unclear	0 meta-analyses · 3 controlled · 60 other	199
Other investigations	mixed	high	2 meta-analyses · 28 controlled · 53 other	1,582

How to read the table: counted are human studies whose results concern the area. “High” means at least one meta-analysis and two controlled studies showing improvement, or at least three controlled studies of which three quarters show improvement, with at least 300 participants in total. “Moderate” means at least two controlled studies showing improvement, as a majority, or one meta-analysis alongside controlled studies. “Low” means one controlled study showing improvement. Where an area has no controlled study, the strength of evidence is at most “low” (result “reviews only” or “observational data only”). Everything else is “unclear”. A study counts as showing improvement when at least half of its outcomes in this area improved. Reviews of combination products do not count as meta-analyses; results that only describe side effects or shares of users do not count as an effect. The same study is counted only once.

3. What the Studies Show in Detail

Frankincense (Boswellia), Joints and Musculoskeletal System: Human Studies

For knee osteoarthritis, Boswellia showed improvements in pain, stiffness and function in several controlled studies and meta-analyses 1 2 6 7 29 38. The WOMAC total score also improved in controlled studies 29 38. The distance in the six-minute walk test increased under Boswellia extract 38 43, explicitly demonstrated versus placebo in one study 43. In two placebo studies, imaging findings at the knee under Boswellia extract showed more cartilage and a wider joint space 43 or fewer bone spurs (osteophytes) 62. A meta-analysis on dietary supplements for osteoarthritis found short-term pain relief for Boswellia 16. The findings come predominantly from ingested extracts; applied to the knee, an oily frankincense extract solution also lowered WOMAC and pain scores more than placebo 75. A meta-analysis found no confirmed difference in WOMAC and pain across all comparisons, but lower WOMAC scores versus placebo 4. Solid lipid particles and a standard extract from Boswellia did not differ in WOMAC and pain 79. Ayurvedic mixtures with ginger had effects in knee osteoarthritis similar to glucosamine or celecoxib 24. Mixtures with turmeric relieved acute muscle pain after exercise more than placebo 25 26; these results do not apply to frankincense alone. The strength of evidence is high; however, most studies are small and short, and larger and longer studies are still pending.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
1 Zhang et al. 2025	meta-analysis · 4,599 participants	Boswellia (form not specified); vs. Placebo	WOMAC pain: improved (MD = 10.58, 95% CI: 6.45 to 14.78, p < 0.05); WOMAC stiffness: improved (MD = 9.47, 95% CI: 6.39 254 to 12.74, p < 0.05); WOMAC function: improved (MD = 14.00, 95% CI: 7.74 to 20.21, p < 0.05)
2 Del et al. 2017	systematic review · 1,741 participants	Oral herbal medicines, including Boswellia serrata; vs. placebo or valdecoxib	pain and physical function: improved
3 Inprasit et al. 2026	meta-analysis · 1,633 participants	Boswellia serrata (BS) and mixture with Curcuma longa; vs. Placebo and other intervention groups	WOMAC pain, stiffness, and knee function: improved (significant improvement); VAS pain (modified CL formulations): improved (SMD: -2.82; 95 %CI: -5.30 to -0.33)
4 Dalmonte et al. 2024	meta-analysis · 1,185 participants	Phytoextracts from the oleogum resin of the Boswellia genus; vs. Placebo, negative or positive control	WOMAC score: no difference (p = 0.0865); VAS score: no difference (p = 0.3966); WOMAC score versus placebo: improved
5 Bannuru et al. 2018	meta-analysis · 1,009 participants	Boswellia and curcuminoid formulations; vs. Placebo or NSAIDs	Pain relief: improved; Functional improvement: improved
6 Dubey et al. 2024	systematic review · 712 participants	standardized Boswellia serrata extract (Aflapin) versus other BS extracts; vs. control therapy (placebo or other BS extracts)	VAS pain: improved (MD: -10.71; p<0.00001); Lequesne Functional Index (LFI): improved (MD: -2.99; p<0.00001); WOMAC pain: improved (MD: -10.69; p<0.0001)
7 Yu et al. 2020	meta-analysis · 545 participants	Boswellia serrata or its extract; recommended treatment duration at least 4 weeks; vs. Placebo or western medicine	VAS pain: improved (WMD -8.33; 95% CI -11.19, -5.46; P<0.00001); WOMAC pain: improved (WMD -14.22; 95% CI -22.34, -6.09; P = 0. 0006); WOMAC stiffness: improved (WMD -10.04; 95% CI -15.86, -4.22; P = 0. 0007)
12 Efferth et al. 2022	review	Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) and its phytochemical ingredients; vs. no uniform comparison reported	efficacy against osteoarthritis: improved

Further studies in this area: 16 18 29 37 38 43 45 46 49 53 54 59 62 75 76 79 83 87 88 92 94 96 97 98 99 100 106 107 109 121 136 140 142 143 146 147 152 153 158 159 161 162

Frankincense (Boswellia) and Inflammatory Processes: Human Studies

In knee osteoarthritis, hs-CRP fell more under Boswellia extracts than under placebo 29 43; after stroke and in COVID-19, TNF-α and IL-8 fell under boswellic acids 44 91. In Parkinson's disease, several inflammatory messengers fell under boswellic acids compared with baseline 55. Solid lipid particles from Boswellia lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines, while under a standard extract they increased 79. A mixture of methylsulfonylmethane and boswellic acids lowered pain and the consumption of anti-inflammatory agents similarly to glucosamine, with a trend in favor of the mixture 35. In spondylitis complaints, NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β fell under a Boswellia extract and its mixture with curcumin; the mixture acted more strongly 37. In a randomized study, a mixture of boswellic acids, collagen, MSM and vitamin C/D3 reduced the synovitis area on MRI more than glucosamine with chondroitin 48. Predominantly standardized extracts with a stated content of boswellic acids were investigated; it remains open how closely the lowered inflammation values are related to the benefit in complaints.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
12 Efferth et al. 2022	review	Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) and its phytochemical ingredients; vs. no uniform comparison reported	inhibition of leukotriene, COX-1/2 and 5-LOX synthesis: improved
18 Fusini et al. 2016	systematic review	Boswellic acid among other nutraceuticals; vs. Use of various nutraceuticals	Role in inflammation: unclear
21 Di et al. 2013	systematic review	Food supplements with Boswellia serrata Roxb.	Efficacy for pain/inflammatory conditions: improved
29 Jayaram et al. 2025	randomised controlled · 150 participants	Boswellia serrata extract (BOSMAX®); daily (amount not stated); 90 days; vs. Placebo	TNF-α: improved (-104.75 ng/L); hs-CRP: improved (-5.67 ng/mL)
37 Mamatha et al. 2025	randomised controlled · 105 participants	F-BSE: bioavailability-enhanced full-spectrum Boswellia serrata oleo-gum resin extract; C-BSE co-delivered with curcumin; 400 mg/day; 28 days; vs. Placebo and F-BSE versus C-BSE, three arms	NLRP3 inflammasome levels: improved (by days 14 and 28); IL-1β levels: improved (by days 14 and 28)
38 Majeed et al. 2024	randomised controlled · 105 participants	Boswellin® Super, standardized Boswellia serrata gum resin extract, 30% 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid; 150 mg or 300 mg twice daily; 90 days; vs. placebo tablet	serum TNFα, hs-CRP, IL-6: improved
43 Kumar et al. 2025	randomised controlled · 80 participants	SN13108F (Aflapin), standardized Boswellia serrata gum resin extract; 100 mg/day; 180 days; vs. placebo	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: improved (p < 0.001); matrix metalloproteinase-3: improved (p < 0.001); Fibulin-3: improved (p < 0.001)
44 Baram et al. 2019	randomised controlled · 80 participants	Boswellic acids (BAs), main bioactive compounds of Boswellia sp. resin, as supplementary therapy; 1-month follow-up; markers after 7 days; vs. Placebo, double-blind, randomized	Plasma TNF-α: improved (significantly decreased in BA group after 7 days); Plasma IL-1β: improved (significantly decreased in BA group after 7 days); Plasma IL-6: improved (significantly decreased in BA group after 7 days)

Further studies in this area: 46 49 51 55 59 62 63 64 79 88 91 105 106 107 110 112 113 115 116 119 134 144 146 147 148 150 152 156 162

Frankincense (Boswellia) and Gut: Human Studies

A systematic review saw evidence of efficacy of Boswellia resin extract in Crohn's disease, mostly from small individual studies 14; another found the best evidence in Crohn's disease for wormwood 19. A randomized controlled study in patients with Crohn's disease in remission found no difference in remission rate and time to relapse 36. In collagenous colitis, remission under Boswellia extract was more frequent per protocol than under placebo, with no confirmed difference in the analysis of all participants 68. In irritable bowel syndrome, participants under Casperome, a Boswellia serrata extract in lecithin form, had lower scores for almost all complaints and needed rescue medication less often than under standard treatment 51. In a non-randomized study, complaints improved in all groups, but fewer participants under Casperome needed medical help 84. In acute diarrhea, adults under Boswellia extract in lecithin form recovered faster than under placebo and had fewer bowel movements, abdominal pain and nausea 61. A mixture of turmeric and Boswellia extract in lecithin form, together with a low-FODMAP diet, reduced bloating and abdominal pain more than the diet alone 52 60. The intestinal studies are mostly small, and several tested mixtures with turmeric; it remains open which form works in which intestinal disease.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
14 Holleran et al. 2020	review	Boswellia serrata resin extract; vs. Placebo in double-blind randomised trials	Evidence of efficacy in Crohn's disease: improved
19 Langhorst et al. 2015	systematic review	Boswellia serrata among other CAM agents; vs. Randomized and controlled trials	Efficacy of herbal therapy in IBD: unclear
36 Holtmeier et al. 2011	randomised controlled · 108 participants	Boswellia serrata extract Boswelan (PS0201Bo), capsules; 3×2 capsules/day of 400 mg each; 52 weeks; vs. Placebo, double-blind, randomized, parallel	Proportion in remission throughout 52 weeks: no difference (59.9% versus 55.3% (P=0.85)); Time to relapse: no difference (171 days versus 185 days (P=0.69)); CDAI, IBDQ and laboratory inflammation measurements: no difference
51 Riva et al. 2019	randomised controlled · 69 participants	lecithin-based delivery form of boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata (Casperome®); one tablet/day; 6 months; vs. standard management: diet and, if needed, hyoscine butylbromide or papaverine hydrochloride + Atropa belladonna extract	mean score values for almost all self-assessed IBS symptoms: improved; need for rescue medications: improved (significantly lower need for rescue medications)
61 Giacosa et al. 2022	randomised controlled · 49 participants	Lecithin-based delivery form of Boswellia serrata extract (CASP); 250 mg for 5 days; 5 days; vs. placebo, randomized double-blind	time to become healthy with stoppage of diarrhea: improved (3.08 vs. 4.44 days: p-value < 0.0001); probability of recovering sooner: improved (80.2%); number of stools over time: improved (β = −0.17, p-value < 0.0001)
68 Madisch et al. 2007	randomised controlled · 31 participants	Boswellia serrata extract (BSE), oral; 400 mg three times daily; 6 weeks double-blind, then 6 weeks open-label BSE; vs. placebo, randomized, double-blind, multicenter	clinical remission after 6 weeks (per protocol): improved (63.6%; 95%CI, 30.8-89.1 vs 26.7%, 95%CI, 7.7-55.1; p=0.04); clinical remission after 6 weeks (intention-to-treat): no difference (43.8% vs 26.7%, p=0.25); histology: no difference (no effect on histology)
84 Belcaro et al. 2017	controlled · 71 participants	Boswellia serrata extract as lecithin-based delivery form (Casperome®); 4 weeks; vs. hyoscine butylbromide; papaverine HCl + belladonna extract	IBS symptoms (abdominal pain, bowel movements, meteorism, cramps): no difference (improved during the observational period); subjects needing medical attention: improved (significantly decreased only in Casperome®-supplemented group)
110 Pellegrini et al. 2016	cohort study · 43 participants	Casperome®, lecithin-based Boswellia serrata extract; 4 weeks; vs. no supplementation (n = 21)	Diffuse intestinal pain: improved; Evident and occult blood in stools: improved; Bowel movements and cramps: improved

Further studies in this area: 119 133 137 145 150 163 164

Frankincense (Boswellia) and Skin: Human Studies

A review reports on clinical studies with frankincense preparations in psoriasis and erythematous eczema 12. In second-degree burns, wounds healed under a preparation of Boswellia carteri about as quickly as under silver sulfadiazine cream 58. A cream with boswellic acids improved roughness, fine lines and elasticity in women with photoaged facial skin and reduced sebum production, each more than the base cream on the other half of the face 71 72. In a randomized study, a boswellic acid cream with lecithin improved scaling and redness in psoriasis as well as itching and redness in eczema more than placebo 82. The skin studies are small and tested very different preparations; it remains open which preparation is suitable for which skin condition.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
12 Efferth et al. 2022	review	Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) and its phytochemical ingredients; vs. no uniform comparison reported	efficacy against psoriasis and erythematous eczema: improved
42 Faraji et al. 2021	randomised controlled · 90 participants	Sitz-bath with Boswellia carteri extract; 10-min sitz-bath twice a day; 1 week; vs. myrrh extract sitz-bath and betadine sitz-bath	episiotomy wound healing (REEDA scale): no difference (p > 0.05)
58 Badr et al. 2023	randomised controlled · 54 participants	sterilized topical formulation containing 40% Boswellia carteri; follow-up until day 17; vs. silver sulfadiazine cream 1%	mean healing time: no difference (10.73 (9.23-12.23) days); healing index on day 17: no difference (reached 1)
71 Calzavara-Pinton et al. 2010	randomised controlled · 15 participants	cream containing 0.5% boswellic acids from Boswellia serrata; once daily, 0.5% BAs; 30 days; vs. placebo cream, split-face, randomized double-blind	Dover's global score for photoaging: improved (Significant improvements); tactile roughness: improved (Significant improvements); fine lines: improved (Significant improvements)
81 Togni et al. 2015	randomised controlled	Cream containing boswellic acids (Bosexil), Boswellia serrata; vs. Placebo cream	erythema grade: improved; skin superficial symptoms: improved; use of topical corticosteroids: improved
82 Togni et al. 2014	randomised controlled	Bosexil, Boswellia serrata resin extract with lecithin; vs. Placebo and Vaccinium myrtillus seed oil	improvement of scales in psoriasis: improved (70% of cases); improvement of erythema in psoriasis: improved (50% of cases); improvement of itch in eczema: improved (60% of cases)
144 Mustafa et al. 2025	review	Boswellic acids as natural compound; vs. Standard therapies or biologics	PASI score: improved
150 Khalifa et al. 2023	review	Frankincense (resin of Boswellia sacra) and its constituents	effects against skin disorders: improved

Further studies in this area: 157

Frankincense (Boswellia) and Respiratory Tract: Human Studies

A meta-analysis of herbal asthma remedies cited a single study with boswellia as evidence of better lung function 22. In moderate COVID-19, oxygen saturation rose more with a syrup containing boswellic acids than with placebo, and the hospital stay was shorter 63. A mixture of Boswellia serrata and Aegle marmelos extract improved asthma symptoms and emotional function more than placebo in a randomized study 80. In a non-randomized study, a capsule mixture of Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa and licorice lowered leukotriene C4 in plasma more than placebo 85. The respiratory studies tested almost only mixtures with other plants; it remains unclear how much frankincense contributes on its own.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
12 Efferth et al. 2022	review	Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) and its phytochemical ingredients; vs. no uniform comparison reported	efficacy against asthma: improved
22 Clark et al. 2010	review	Boswellia frankincense among 20 herbal preparations; vs. Placebo in randomised controlled trials	Improvement in lung function (FEV1): improved
63 Barzin et al. 2022	randomised controlled · 47 participants	Inflawell® syrup, Boswellia extract enriched for boswellic acids; until discharge (length of hospitalization); vs. placebo plus standard of care	oxygen saturation: improved (P < 0.0001)
105 De et al. 2023	case-control study · 60 participants	Oral supplement with Ribes nigrum, Boswellia serrata, bromelain, vitamin D; 1 dose for 30 days or 2 doses daily for 15 days; 15 or 30 days; vs. control with nasal steroids only	nasal findings (mucosal hyperemia, rhinorrhea): improved (statistically significant differences from the control)
139 Koshak et al. 2019	cross-sectional study	Boswellia sacra (olibanum) among other herbal medicines	association asthma and herbal medicine intake: unclear (p=0.001)
156 Wieczfinska et al. 2020	review	Boswellic acid alongside other plant agents	Anti-inflammatory effect in lung disease models: improved

Frankincense (Boswellia), Tolerability and Safety: Human Studies

Several controlled studies are available on the tolerability of boswellia preparations, which predominantly show no differences from placebo or comparison treatments in adverse events and safety parameters 1 47 62 67. Laboratory values such as blood count, serum chemistry and urine parameters also remained without abnormalities in several randomized controlled studies 43 46 49 53 54. One randomized controlled study reported mild gastrointestinal complaints under a standardized Boswellia serrata extract in patients with brain tumors undergoing radiotherapy 65. In ankle sprain, Casperome was well tolerated in a non-randomized study 83. A systematic review described boswellic acids as well tolerated in radiation-induced brain edema, most commonly with mild gastrointestinal complaints 9. Tolerability was predominantly investigated for standardized extracts and capsules with resin; such data are still pending for essential oil and ointments.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
1 Zhang et al. 2025	meta-analysis · 4,599 participants	Boswellia (form not specified); vs. Placebo	Adverse events (No supplement was associated with increased adverse events compared to placebo)
2 Del et al. 2017	systematic review · 1,741 participants	Oral herbal medicines, including Boswellia serrata; vs. placebo or valdecoxib	adverse events
3 Inprasit et al. 2026	meta-analysis · 1,633 participants	Boswellia serrata (BS) and mixture with Curcuma longa; vs. Placebo and other intervention groups	Adverse events (No significant differences in adverse events were observed among all comparisons.)
5 Bannuru et al. 2018	meta-analysis · 1,009 participants	Boswellia and curcuminoid formulations; vs. Placebo or NSAIDs	Safety outcomes
7 Yu et al. 2020	meta-analysis · 545 participants	Boswellia serrata or its extract; recommended treatment duration at least 4 weeks; vs. Placebo or western medicine	Safety
9 Dejonckheere et al. 2025	review · 130 participants	Boswellic acid (BA), available as over-the-counter dietary supplement; not reported; optimal dosing unknown; not reported; vs. Corticosteroids as first-line standard; no uniform control	tolerability of boswellic acid (Tolerability of BA was favorable, with mild gastrointestinal discomfort being reported most frequently)
10 Diantini et al. 2023	systematic review	Plant-based add-on therapies, including Boswellia carterii; vs. Add-on therapy versus control/standard therapy	safety of the plant (The safety of the plant has been confirmed.)
12 Efferth et al. 2022	review	Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) and its phytochemical ingredients; vs. no uniform comparison reported	adverse side effects (only mild adverse side effects)

Further studies in this area: 17 20 23 29 31 36 43 46 47 49 51 53 54 61 62 65 67 71 74 81 83 84 90 92 93 94 99 101 102 104 106 107 108 111 112 113 114 117 118 119 121 124 127 130 136 138 139 143 144 145 147 155 158 161 162

Frankincense (Boswellia): Further Outcomes in Studies

Orally disintegrating tablets with frankincense extract reduced the size of mouth ulcers (aphthae) and relieved their pain more than placebo 78; in healthy individuals, a single dose of Boswellia serrata increased the pressure pain threshold 74. In diabetes, olibanum gum resin in a randomized study lowered fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and blood lipids more than placebo 47; two further randomized studies with gum resin found no difference from placebo 56 57. A non-randomized study without placebo reported more favorable blood lipids and fructosamine 86. In heavy menstrual bleeding, frankincense oleoresin in addition to ibuprofen improved quality of life more than placebo 39. A mixture of Boswellia and turmeric extract relieved chronic low back pain more than placebo 40.

Study	Design · participants	Preparation · dose · duration · comparison	Result
8 Karimi et al. 2024	meta-analysis · 287 participants	Boswellia serrata supplementation; vs. Placebo or control group	HbA1C: improved (SMD: -1.01; 95%CI: -1.55 to -0.46; P=0.00); Total cholesterol: improved (SMD: -0.44; 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.21; P=0.00); Triglycerides: improved (SMD: -0.42; 95%CI: -0.66 to -0.19); P=0.00)
9 Dejonckheere et al. 2025	review · 130 participants	Boswellic acid (BA), available as over-the-counter dietary supplement; not reported; optimal dosing unknown; not reported; vs. Corticosteroids as first-line standard; no uniform control	radiographic or clinical benefit in cerebral edema/radiation necrosis: improved (Roughly half of patients benefited from BA); dexamethasone tapering or avoidance: improved (about one third could successfully taper dexamethasone or prevent its long-term intake)
10 Diantini et al. 2023	systematic review	Plant-based add-on therapies, including Boswellia carterii; vs. Add-on therapy versus control/standard therapy	efficacy of add-on therapy: improved (best efficacy ... found in <i>A. paniculata</i>)
11 Kaya et al. 2023	meta-analysis	Aromatherapy mixture including boswellia oil; vs. Standard care or placebo	Labor pain intensity: improved
12 Efferth et al. 2022	review	Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) and its phytochemical ingredients; vs. no uniform comparison reported	efficacy against multiple sclerosis: improved; relief of plaque-induced gingivitis and pain: improved; brain tumor-related edema: improved
13 Lopes-Júnior et al. 2021	review	Boswellic acid (one included study); vs. no comparison reported	effectiveness for symptom clusters (one boswellic acid study): unclear
15 Mahdian et al. 2020	review	Boswellia species (frankincense), form not specified	Metabolic syndrome and related disorders: improved; Insulin resistance and blood glucose: improved; Blood pressure: improved
17 Farzaei et al. 2017	systematic review	Boswellia papyrifera (boswellic acid) among other medicinal plants	efficacy in MS symptoms: improved

Further studies in this area: 23 29 31 32 33 38 39 44 47 50 51 55 56 61 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 73 74 76 77 78 86 89 90 93 95 97 99 101 102 103 104 106 108 110 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 120 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 138 139 141 142 148 149 150 151 154 155 160 162

4. How Is Frankincense (Boswellia) Dosed? Preparation, Dose and Duration in Studies

The studies predominantly tested orally ingested extracts with a stated content of boswellic acids, mostly from Boswellia serrata, as capsules or tablets 29 38. For the skin, creams with boswellic acids 71 72 82 and a preparation of Boswellia carteri for burn wounds 58 were investigated. During a prostate biopsy, anxiety decreased under frankincense scent, but not in the placebo group, and the pain was less than expected 32; a back massage with frankincense and myrrh oil increased well-being before a cardiac catheterization procedure, but not pain 41.

Preparation or form	Dose	Duration	Study
Ayurvedic formulations SGCG and SGC, incl. Boswellia serrata extract	—	24 weeks	24
Turmeric-Boswellia extract (TBE)	1,000 mg	6 hours	25
Rhuleave-K (TBF): formulation of turmeric and Boswellia serrata extracts in sesame oil	single dose of 1000 mg TBF	single dose, observation up to 6 hours postdose	26
BV-4051, Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation containing Boswellia	—	14 days	27
Curamin capsules: 350 mg curcuminoids and 150 mg boswellic acid (Boswellia serrata)	one 500-mg capsule three times daily	12 weeks	28
Boswellia serrata extract (BOSMAX®)	daily (amount not stated)	90 days	29
NXT15906F6 (TamaFlex) and CLBS blend (C. longa + Boswellia serrata)	250 mg NXT15906F6 or 1000 mg CLBS daily after breakfast	30 days	30
Mouthwash with frankincense extract (FR), also combined with Zataria multiflora (ZM)	not reported	21 days (measurements days 1, 14, 21)	31
frankincense aromatherapy via nebulizer	—	during the procedure	32
frankincense-based herbal product (FHP)	—	4 weeks, follow-up 2 weeks after treatment completion	33
Flogostop Duo (Boswellia serrata, bromelain, zinc, magnesium, honey, Lactobacillus)	—	20 days (TG1) or 30 days (TG2)	34
MSM plus boswellic acids (MEBAGA) versus glucosamine sulfate	5 g MSM and 7.2 mg boswellic acids daily	60 days treatment, follow-up at 2 and 6 months	35
Boswellia serrata extract Boswelan (PS0201Bo), capsules	3×2 capsules/day of 400 mg each	52 weeks	36
F-BSE: bioavailability-enhanced full-spectrum Boswellia serrata oleo-gum resin extract; C-BSE co-delivered with curcumin	400 mg/day	28 days	37
Boswellin® Super, standardized Boswellia serrata gum resin extract, 30% 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid	150 mg or 300 mg twice daily	90 days	38

5. Is Frankincense (Boswellia) Safe? Side Effects in Studies

Laboratory values such as blood count, serum chemistry and urine parameters remained without abnormalities in several randomized controlled trials 43 46 49 53 54. One randomized controlled trial reported mild gastrointestinal complaints under a standardized Boswellia serrata extract in patients with brain tumors undergoing radiotherapy 65.

Study	Reported side effects
1 Zhang et al. 2025	No increased adverse events versus placebo
2 Del et al. 2017	secondary outcome: adverse events
3 Inprasit et al. 2026	No significant differences in adverse events among all comparisons
5 Bannuru et al. 2018	No significant difference vs placebo in safety outcomes
7 Yu et al. 2020	described as safe, no figures
9 Dejonckheere et al. 2025	Tolerability favourable; mostly mild gastrointestinal discomfort
12 Efferth et al. 2022	only mild adverse side effects in toxicology and clinical trials
14 Holleran et al. 2020	Long-term effects and safety not established
16 Liu et al. 2018	No differences versus placebo for safety outcomes, except diacerein
17 Farzaei et al. 2017	Herbal medicines mostly well tolerated, adverse effects mild to moderate
20 Posadzki et al. 2013	Minor adverse effects reported for Boswellia serrata
22 Clark et al. 2010	Adverse effects were a secondary outcome but not reported

6. What Remains Open: Limits of the Evidence

Most studies are small and short and often tested brand-name extracts such as Aflapin, Boswellin Super or Casperome 38 43 51; larger and longer studies are still pending.
Regarding the tolerability of essential oil, ointments and non-standardized resin preparations, larger studies are still pending.
It remains open which form and which boswellic acid content are decisive for which application.
For Crohn's disease, a hint from a review 14 is contrasted by a placebo study that found no advantage in maintaining remission 36.

7. Bottom Line: What Is Established About Frankincense (Boswellia)

Frankincense is the gum resin of trees of the genus Boswellia. Studies in humans show, for orally ingested extracts with a stated content of boswellic acids, mostly from Boswellia serrata, improvements in knee osteoarthritis and inflammatory blood values 1 2 6 7 29 38 43. For irritable bowel syndrome and acute diarrhea, there are initial hints from small studies 51 61.

Many studies are small and short; some tested combination preparations whose result does not apply to frankincense alone. For essential oil, ointments and non-standardized resin preparations, larger studies are still pending.

Frequently Asked Questions

How well has Frankincense (Boswellia) been studied in humans?

Does Frankincense (Boswellia) help with joints and musculoskeletal system? What the studies show

We evaluated 6 meta-analyses or systematic reviews, 15 controlled studies and 29 further studies; the controlled studies include 1,002 participants in total. Result of the controlled studies: mostly improved. Strength of evidence under our published rules: high. Sources: 1 2 3 4

Does Frankincense (Boswellia) help with inflammatory processes? What the studies show

We evaluated one meta-analysis or systematic review, 15 controlled studies and 21 further studies; the controlled studies include 1,035 participants in total. Result of the controlled studies: mostly improved. Strength of evidence under our published rules: high. Sources: 12 18 21 29

Does Frankincense (Boswellia) help with gut? What the studies show

We evaluated one meta-analysis or systematic review, 5 controlled studies and 9 further studies; the controlled studies include 328 participants in total. Result of the controlled studies: mixed. Strength of evidence under our published rules: moderate. Sources: 14 19 36 51

Does Frankincense (Boswellia) help with skin? What the studies show

We evaluated 5 controlled studies and 4 further studies; the controlled studies include 159 participants in total. Result of the controlled studies: mixed. Strength of evidence under our published rules: moderate. Sources: 12 42 58 71

Does Frankincense (Boswellia) help with respiratory tract? What the studies show

We evaluated one controlled study and 5 further studies; the controlled studies include 47 participants in total. Result of the controlled studies: mostly improved. Strength of evidence under our published rules: low. Sources: 12 22 63 105

Does Frankincense (Boswellia) help with tolerability and safety? What the studies show

We evaluated 3 controlled studies and 60 further studies; the controlled studies include 199 participants in total. Result of the controlled studies: mostly no difference. Strength of evidence under our published rules: unclear. Sources: 1 2 3 5

Which forms of frankincense were investigated in the studies?

Most frequently, orally ingested extracts with a stated content of boswellic acids were tested, mostly from Boswellia serrata, as capsules or tablets 29 38. For the skin, creams with boswellic acids 71 72 82 and a preparation of Boswellia carteri for burn wounds 58 were investigated. During a prostate biopsy, anxiety decreased under frankincense scent, but not in the placebo group, and the pain was less than expected 32; a back massage with frankincense and myrrh oil increased well-being before a cardiac catheterization procedure, but not pain 41.

What do the studies show for joint complaints?

In knee osteoarthritis, Boswellia showed improvements in pain, stiffness and function in several controlled studies and meta-analyses 1 2 6 7 29 38. The WOMAC total score and walking distance also improved in controlled studies 29 38 43. One meta-analysis found no confirmed difference in WOMAC and pain across all comparisons, but lower WOMAC values compared with placebo 4.

How tolerable is frankincense?

Several controlled studies reported no differences from placebo or comparator treatments in adverse events and safety parameters 1 47 62 67. Laboratory values such as blood count, serum chemistry and urine parameters remained without abnormalities in several randomized controlled trials 43 46 49 53 54. One randomized controlled trial reported mild gastrointestinal complaints under a standardized Boswellia serrata extract in patients with brain tumors undergoing radiotherapy 65.

Are there studies on inflammatory bowel diseases?

A systematic review saw hints of efficacy of Boswellia resin extract in Crohn's disease, mostly from small individual studies 14; another found the best evidence in Crohn's disease for wormwood 19. A randomized controlled trial in patients with Crohn's disease in remission found no difference in remission rate and time to relapse 36. In collagenous colitis, remission under Boswellia extract was more frequent per protocol than under placebo, with no confirmed difference in the analysis of all participants 68.

What should be considered with combination preparations?

Several controlled studies tested mixtures, for example with turmeric, ginger, methylsulfonylmethane or collagen 24 25 26 35 48 52. With such combination preparations, the contribution of frankincense cannot be separated. Brand-name extracts such as Aflapin, Boswellin Super or Casperome (in lecithin form), by contrast, are preparations from Boswellia alone 38 43 51.

Sources

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Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis
Zhang Y, Gui Y, Adams R, Farragher J, Itsiopoulos C, Bow K et al. · 2025
2
Oral herbal medicines marketed in Brazil for the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Del Grossi Moura M, Lopes LC, Biavatti MW, Kennedy SA, de Oliveira E Silva MC, Silva MT et al. · 2017
3
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa, Boswellia serrata, and their mixed formulation in treating knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Inprasit C, Bunyamahote S, Boonpattharatthiti K, Thimkorn P, Intakhiao S, Dhippayom T · 2026
4
Efficacy of Extracts of Oleogum Resin of Boswellia in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Dalmonte T, Andreani G, Rudelli C, Isani G · 2024
5
Efficacy of curcumin and Boswellia for knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Al-Eid F, Wang C · 2018
6
Efficacy evaluation of standardized Boswellia serrata extract (AflapinⓇ) in osteoarthritis: A systematic review and sub-group meta-analysis study
Dubey V, Kheni D, Sureja V · 2024
7
Effectiveness of Boswellia and Boswellia extract for osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yu G, Xiang W, Zhang T, Zeng L, Yang K, Li J · 2020
8
Effect of boswellia (Boswellia serrata L.) supplementation on glycemic markers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Karimi M, Vakili K, Rashidian P, Razavi-Amoli SK, Akhbari M, Kazemi K · 2024
9
Boswellia serrata for the Management of Radiation-Induced Cerebral Edema and Necrosis: A Systematic Meta-Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence
Dejonckheere CS, Scafa D, Käsmann L, Zeyen T, Potthoff AL, Schäfer N et al. · 2025
10
Efficacy and Safety of Add-On Plant-Based Drugs for COVID-19 Patients: A Review of the Randomized Control Trials
Diantini A, Febriyanti RM, Levita J · 2023
11
The effectiveness of aromatherapy in the management of labor pain: A meta-analysis
Kaya A, Yeşildere Sağlam H, Karadağ E, Gürsoy E · 2023
12
Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of frankincense: Targets, treatments and toxicities
Efferth T, Oesch F · 2022
13
Effectiveness of complementary therapies for the management of symptom clusters in palliative care in pediatric oncology: a systematic review
Lopes-Júnior LC, Urbano IR, Schuab SIPC, Pessanha RM, Rosa GS, Lima RAG · 2021
14
Herbal medicinal products for inflammatory bowel disease: A focus on those assessed in double-blind randomised controlled trials
Holleran G, Scaldaferri F, Gasbarrini A, Gasbarrini A, Currò D · 2020
15
Effect of Boswellia species on the metabolic syndrome: A review
Mahdian D, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Raoofi A, Dadashizadeh G, Abroudi M, Zarepour E et al. · 2020
16
Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Liu X, Machado GC, Eyles JP, Ravi V, Hunter DJ · 2018
17
Efficacy and Tolerability of Phytomedicines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Review
Farzaei MH, Shahpiri Z, Bahramsoltani R, Nia MM, Najafi F, Rahimi R · 2017
18
Nutraceutical supplement in the management of tendinopathies: a systematic review
Fusini F, Bisicchia S, Bottegoni C, Gigante A, Zanchini F, Busilacchi A · 2016
19
Systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases
Langhorst J, Wulfert H, Lauche R, Klose P, Cramer H, Dobos GJ et al. · 2015
20
Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews
Posadzki P, Watson LK, Ernst E · 2013
21
Plant food supplements with anti-inflammatory properties: a systematic review (II)
Di Lorenzo C, Dell'Agli M, Badea M, Dima L, Colombo E, Sangiovanni E et al. · 2013
22
Herbal interventions for chronic asthma in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Clark CE, Arnold E, Lasserson TJ, Wu T · 2010
23
Frankincense: systematic review
Ernst E · 2008
24
Ayurvedic medicine offers a good alternative to glucosamine and celecoxib in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled equivalence drug trial
Chopra A, Saluja M, Tillu G, Sarmukkaddam S, Venugopalan A, Narsimulu G et al. · 2013
25
Modulation of Affective and Sensory Qualities of Acute Nociceptive Pain by Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata Extract Formulation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Design in Subjects With Exercise-Induced Acute Musculoskeletal Pain
Kumar Kare S, H R G, Gupta A · 2025
26
Fast pain relief in exercise-induced acute musculoskeletal pain by turmeric-boswellia formulation: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded multicentre study
Rudrappa GH, Murthy M, Saklecha S, Kumar Kare S, Gupta A, Basu I · 2022
27
Phase III randomized clinical trial of BV-4051, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections and its impact on inflammatory biomarkers
Chitre D, Nadkarni S, Jagtap N, Tulle R, Gitte A, Rahate P et al. · 2023
28
Efficacy and safety of curcumin and its combination with boswellic acid in osteoarthritis: a comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Haroyan A, Mukuchyan V, Mkrtchyan N, Minasyan N, Gasparyan S, Sargsyan A et al. · 2018
29
Clinical Benefits of Boswellia Serrata (BOSMAX®) in Early Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study
Jayaram M, Kim J, Baek KS, Jung H, Kim J, M K P et al. · 2025
30
Efficacy of a proprietary combination of Tamarindus indica seeds and Curcuma longa rhizome extracts in osteoarthritis: a clinical investigation
Prasad N, Vinay V, Srivastava A · 2023
31
Evaluation of Herbal Mouthwashes Containing Zataria Multiflora Boiss, Frankincense and Combination Therapy on Patients with Gingivitis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Khoshbakht Z, Khashabi E, Khodaie L, Torbati M, Lotfipour F, Hamishehkar H · 2019
32
Aromatherapy effects on pain and anxiety during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: A randomized controlled trial
Saylam B, Nebioğlu A, Aydınlı B, Efesoy O, Bozlu M, Akbay E · 2026
33
Efficacy of frankincense-based herbal product in urinary incontinence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled clinical trial
Karbalaiee M, Daneshpajooh A, Khanjani N, Sohbati S, Mehrabani M, Mehrbani M et al. · 2023
34
Single-Center-Single-Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Nutraceutical Containing Boswellia Serrata, Bromelain, Zinc, Magnesium, Honey, Tyndallized Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Casei to Fight Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Otitis Media
Della Volpe A, De Luca P, De Lucia A, Martines F, Piroli P, D'Ascanio L et al. · 2022
35
Methylsulfonylmethane and boswellic acids versus glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee arthritis: Randomized trial
Notarnicola A, Maccagnano G, Moretti L, Pesce V, Tafuri S, Fiore A et al. · 2016
36
Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of Boswellia serrata in maintaining remission of Crohn's disease: good safety profile but lack of efficacy
Holtmeier W, Zeuzem S, Preiss J, Kruis W, Böhm S, Maaser C et al. · 2011
37
A full-spectrum Boswellia serrata extract with enhanced bioavailability, and its co-delivered system with curcumin alleviate pain and stiffness associated with moderate spondylitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-arm study
Mamatha K, Prabhakaran P, Syam Das S, Kanjoormana Aryan M, Thomas J · 2025
38
A standardized Boswellia serrata extract shows improvements in knee osteoarthritis within five days-a double-blind, randomized, three-arm, parallel-group, multi-center, placebo-controlled trial
Majeed A, Majeed S, Satish G, Manjunatha R, Rabbani SN, Patil NVP et al. · 2024
39
The effect of frankincense (Boswellia serrata, oleoresin) and ginger (Zingiber officinale, rhizoma) on heavy menstrual bleeding: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
Eshaghian R, Mazaheri M, Ghanadian M, Rouholamin S, Feizi A, Babaeian M · 2019
40
Efficacy and safety evaluation of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa extract combination in the management of chronic lower back pain: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
Majumdar A, Prasad MAVV, Gandavarapu SR, Reddy KSK, Sureja V, Kheni D et al. · 2025
41
The effect of back massage with frankincense and myrrh oil before the cardiac electrophysiological procedure on back pain intensity and comfort: A single-blind randomized controlled trial
Özdemir Ü, Taşcı S, Döner A, Özdemir Alkanat H, İnanç MT · 2024
42
Episiotomy wound healing by Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and Boswellia carteri Birdw. in primiparous women: A randomized controlled trial
Faraji A, Aghdaki M, Hessami K, Hosseinkhani A, Roozmeh S, Asadi N et al. · 2021
43
A Standardized Boswellia serrata Extract Improves Knee Joint Function and Cartilage Morphology in Human Volunteers with Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritis in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
Kumar B, Ghaytidak AB, Pandey AK, Somepalli RR, Sarda P, Raychaudhuri SP et al. · 2025
44
Functional improvement and immune-inflammatory cytokines profile of ischaemic stroke patients after treatment with boswellic acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial
Baram SM, Karima S, Shateri S, Tafakhori A, Fotouhi A, Lima BS et al. · 2019
45
Evaluation of the effect of Elaeagnus angustifolia alone and combined with Boswellia thurifera compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial
Karimifar M, Soltani R, Hajhashemi V, Sarrafchi S · 2017
46
A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Sengupta K, Alluri KV, Satish AR, Mishra S, Golakoti T, Sarma KV et al. · 2008
47
A Randomized Clinical Trial Study: Anti-Oxidant, Anti-hyperglycemic and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Olibanum Gum in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Azadmehr A, Ziaee A, Ghanei L, Fallah Huseini H, Hajiaghaee R, Tavakoli-Far B et al. · 2014
48
[Comparative efficacy of a combination of undenatured type II collagen, Boswellic acids, methylsulfonylmethane, vitamins C and D3 and a combination of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint]
Mazurov VI, Belyaeva IB, Trofimov EA, Itskovich IE, Burulev AL · 2023
49
Efficacy and Safety of Aflapin®, a Novel Boswellia Serrata Extract, in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Short-Term 30-Day Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Karlapudi V, Sunkara KB, Konda PR, Sarma KV, Rokkam MP · 2023
50
Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Effect of Frankincense Essential Oil in Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Reis D, Throne T, Keller J, Koffel C, Chen T, Young-McCaughan S · 2023
51
Oral administration of a lecithin-based delivery form of boswellic acids (Casperome®) for the prevention of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized clinical study
Riva A, Giacomelli L, Togni S, Franceschi F, Eggenhoffner R, Zuccarini MC et al. · 2019
52
Beneficial Effects on Abdominal Bloating with an Innovative Food-Grade Formulation of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata Extracts in Subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Small Bowel Dysbiosis
Giacosa A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Fazia T, Bernardinelli L et al. · 2022
53
A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study evaluates the early efficacy of aflapin in subjects with osteoarthritis of knee
Vishal AA, Mishra A, Raychaudhuri SP · 2011
54
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 5-Loxin and AflapinAgainst osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study
Sengupta K, Krishnaraju AV, Vishal AA, Mishra A, Trimurtulu G, Sarma KV et al. · 2010
55
Boswellic acids as an adjunct therapy in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind clinical trial investigating on its effects on motor symptoms and inflammatory markers
Shateri S, Khatami SH, Ehtiati S, Talebzadeh MR, Nikakhtar S, Parvar MH et al. · 2025
56
The Effects of Boswellia serrata Gum Resin on the Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of Diabetic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Mehrzadi S, Tavakolifar B, Huseini HF, Mosavat SH, Heydari M · 2018
57
The Efficacy of Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin for Control of Lipid Profile and Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients
Mehrzadi S, Tavakolifar B, Huseini HF, Mosavat SH, Heydari M · 2016
58
Burn Wound Healing Effect of a Sterilized Traditional Formulation of Boswellia carteri vs. Silver Sulfadiazine Cream 1% in Patients Presenting Second-degree Burn Wounds: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial
Badr P, Afsharypuor S, Tohidinik HR, Mohammadi AA, Daneshamouz S · 2023
59
Ten days of supplementation with a standardized Boswellia serrata extract attenuates soreness and accelerates recovery after repeated bouts of downhill running in recreationally active men
Salter D, Yalamanchi H, Yalamanchi A, Yalamanchi A · 2025
60
Positive Outcomes of Supplementation with Lecithin-Based Delivery Formulation of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata in IBS Subjects with Small Bowel Dysbiosis
Giacosa A, Barrile GC, Perna S, Rondanelli M · 2024
61
Positive Effects of a Lecithin-Based Delivery Form of Boswellia serrata Extract in Acute Diarrhea of Adult Subjects
Giacosa A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Fazia T, Bernardinelli L et al. · 2022
62
A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee
Majeed M, Majeed S, Narayanan NK, Nagabhushanam K · 2019
63
Inflawell® improves neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and shortens hospitalization in patients with moderate COVID-19, in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Barzin Tond S, Balenci L, Khajavirad N, Salehi M, Tafakhori A, Shahmohammadi MR et al. · 2022
64
Efficacy of Guggulu and Shallaki based Ksharasutra with Triphala Guggulu orally in the management of Bhagandara w.s.r. to fistula-in-ano: A open labelled randomized comparative clinical study
Nema A, Gupta SK, Dudhamal T, Mahanta V · 2020
65
Boswellia serrata acts on cerebral edema in patients irradiated for brain tumors: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial
Kirste S, Treier M, Wehrle SJ, Becker G, Abdel-Tawab M, Gerbeth K et al. · 2011
66
The Efficacy of Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb. Ex Colebr.) in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Randomized Control Trial
Inamdar NK, Roqaiya M, Husain N, Ahmed K, Baig S · 2023
67
The effect of Boswellia Serrata on neurorecovery following diffuse axonal injury
Moein P, Abbasi Fard S, Asnaashari A, Baratian H, Barekatain M, Tavakoli N et al. · 2013
68
Boswellia serrata extract for the treatment of collagenous colitis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
Madisch A, Miehlke S, Eichele O, Mrwa J, Bethke B, Kuhlisch E et al. · 2007
69
A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Curcumin (Curcuma longa), Boswellia (Boswellia serrata), and French Maritime Pine Bark (Pinus pinaster)
Donovan EK, Kekes-Szabo S, Lin JC, Massey RL, Cobb JD, Hodgin KS et al. · 2021
70
Effect of 4 weeks of frankincense consumption on explicit motor memory and serum BDNF in elderly men
Asadı E, Shahabı Kaseb MR, Zeıdabadı R, Hamedınıa MR · 2019
71
Topical Boswellic acids for treatment of photoaged skin
Calzavara-Pinton P, Zane C, Facchinetti E, Capezzera R, Pedretti A · 2010
72
Effects of topical boswellic acid on photo and age-damaged skin: clinical, biophysical, and echographic evaluations in a double-blind, randomized, split-face study
Pedretti A, Capezzera R, Zane C, Facchinetti E, Calzavara-Pinton P · 2010
73
Effect of Boswellia serrata on Pain Intensity, Central and Peripheral Sensitization, and Pain Modulation in Healthy Volunteers-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Trial
Hammer S, Reiser M, Bader M, Pannold J, Moser A, Niederer M et al. · 2026
74
A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, cross over study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Boswellia serrata in healthy volunteers using mechanical pain model
Prabhavathi K, Chandra US, Soanker R, Rani PU · 2014
75
Evaluation of the effectiveness of topical oily solution containing frankincense extract in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Mohsenzadeh A, Karimifar M, Soltani R, Hajhashemi V · 2023
76
Efficacy of Boswellia serrata Extract and/or an Omega-3-Based Product for Improving Pain and Function in People Older Than 40 Years with Persistent Knee Pain: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial
Pérez-Piñero S, Muñoz-Carrillo JC, Victoria-Montesinos D, García-Muñoz AM, Andreu-Caravaca L, Gómez M et al. · 2023
77
Boswellia serrata extract shows cognitive benefits in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in individuals who suffered traumatic brain injury
Meshkat S, Mahmoodi Baram S, Rajaei S, Mohammadian F, Kouhestani E, Amirzargar N et al. · 2022
78
The effectiveness of olibanum orally disintegrating tablet in the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Soltani R, Saberi Z, Ghanadian SM, Taheri A, Entezarhojjat A · 2022
79
Double-blind trial of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles (SLBSP) vs. standardized Boswellia serrata gum extract (BSE) for osteoarthritis of knee
Kulkarni PD, Damle ND, Singh S, Yadav KS, Ghante MR, Bhaskar VH et al. · 2020
80
A novel herbal composition containing extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin and Aegle marmelos fruit alleviates symptoms of asthma in a placebo controlled double-blind clinical study
Yugandhar P, Rao KM, Sengupta K · 2018
81
Clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of Boswellia-based cream for prevention of adjuvant radiotherapy skin damage in mammary carcinoma: a randomized placebo controlled trial
Togni S, Maramaldi G, Bonetta A, Giacomelli L, Di Pierro F · 2015
82
A cosmeceutical formulation based on boswellic acids for the treatment of erythematous eczema and psoriasis
Togni S, Maramaldi G, Di Pierro F, Biondi M · 2014
83
Effectiveness of a novel boswellic acids delivery form (Casperome®) in the management of grade II ankle sprains due to sport trauma - a registry study
Feragalli B, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR et al. · 2017
84
Supplementation with a lecithin-based delivery form of Boswellia serrata extract (Casperome®) controls symptoms of mild irritable bowel syndrome
Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Corsi M, Dugall M, Cacchio M et al. · 2017
85
Natural anti-inflammatory products and leukotriene inhibitors as complementary therapy for bronchial asthma
Houssen ME, Ragab A, Mesbah A, El-Samanoudy AZ, Othman G, Moustafa AF et al. · 2010
86
Effect of Boswellia serrata supplementation on blood lipid, hepatic enzymes and fructosamine levels in type2 diabetic patients
Ahangarpour A, Heidari H, Fatemeh RA, Pakmehr M, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi I et al. · 2014
87
Clinical evaluation of Boswellia serrata (Shallaki) resin in the management of Sandhivata (osteoarthritis)
Gupta PK, Samarakoon SM, Chandola HM, Ravishankar B · 2011
88
A novel lecithin based delivery form of Boswellic acids (Casperome®) for the management of osteo-muscular pain: a registry study in young rugby players
Franceschi F, Togni S, Belcaro G, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Ledda A et al. · 2016
89
Bitter frankincense water modulates hepatic enzyme activity in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Khamaal Hussein Abod Al-Khafaji, Zahraa Mohammed Fakheir, Shaimaa Mohammed Ali Jasim · 2025
90
The anti-proliferative effects of a frankincense extract in a window of opportunity phase ia clinical trial for patients with breast cancer
Valente IVB, Garcia D, Abbott A, Spruill L, Siegel J, Forcucci J et al. · 2024
91
Boswellic Acids Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Moderate COVID-19 Through Modulation of NF-κB Pathway
Barzin Tond S, Abolghasemi S, Khatami SH, Ehtiati S, Zarei T, Shateri S et al. · 2025
92
Curcuminoids and Boswellia serrata extracts combination decreases tendinopathy symptoms: findings from an open-label post-observational study
Henrotin Y, Dierckxsens Y, Delisse G, Seidel L, Albert A · 2021
93
Effect of a Food Supplement Containing L-Methionine on Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy: A Prospective, Multicenter Observational Study
Passaro M, Mainini G, Ambrosio F, Sgambato R, Balbi G · 2017
94
Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extract combination for hand osteoarthritis: an open-label pre-post trial
Henrotin Y, Dierckxsens Y, Delisse G, Maes N, Albert A · 2022
95
Complementary and alternative medicine in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma-A SIOPE DIPG Network and Registry study
El-Khouly FE, Adil SM, Wiese M, Hulleman E, Hendrikse NH, Kaspers GJL et al. · 2021
96
Clusters of Responders and Predictive Factors for Response to Supplementation with Boswellia, Turmeric, and Red Algae Extracts in Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Observational Study Using an Arsenal of Patient-Centered Measures
Ait Abdellah S, Gal C, Leblanc A, Trouvin AP, Perrot S · 2021
97
Role of Jumpstart Nutrition®, a Dietary Supplement, to Ameliorate Calcium-to-Phosphorus Ratio and Parathyroid Hormone of Patients with Osteoarthritis
Ganguly A · 2019
98
Prospective, Multicenter Evaluation of a Polyherbal Supplement alongside Standard-of-Care Treatment for Mild Knee Osteoarthritis
Żęgota Z, Goździk J, Głogowska-Szeląg J · 2021
99
Efficacy and Safety of Acmella oleracea and Boswellia serrata Extract as Add-On Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: An Observational, Real-World Cohort Study
Giglio M, Mattia C, Sansone P, Finco G, Sardo S, Sofia M et al. · 2025
100
A Retrospective Observational Study Evaluating the Synergistic Effect of a Novel Combination of Alfapin + Native Type 2 Collagen + Mobilee (Hyaluronic Acid) + CurQlife (Curcumin) Nutraceuticals in the Symptomatic Improvement of Knee Osteoarthritis
Kamat YD, Das B, Thakkar K, Mahajan M · 2023
101
Boswellia Serrata for Cerebral Radiation Necrosis After Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases
Upadhyay R, Elguindy ANM, Salts L, Donovan K, Sengupta S, Wang K et al. · 2025
102
New Approach for Enhancing Survival in Glioblastoma Patients: A Longitudinal Pilot Study on Integrative Oncology
Bonucci M, Fuggetta MP, Anelli L, Giannarelli D, Fiorentini C, Ravagnan G · 2025
103
The use of aromasticks to help with sleep problems: A patient experience survey
Dyer J, Cleary L, McNeill S, Ragsdale-Lowe M, Osland C · 2016
104
Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols in patients with type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: An Italian prospective multicenter study
Presicce F, Barrese F, Cantiani A, Filianoti A, Tuzzolo D, Di Palma P et al. · 2022
105
A Supplement with Ribes Nigrum, Boswellia Serrata, Bromelain and Vitamin D to Stop Local Inflammation in Chronic Sinusitis: A Case-Control Study
De Luca P, D'Ascanio L, Cingolani C, Latini G, Grigaliute E, Di Mauro P et al. · 2023
106
Phytoproflex®: supplementary management of osteoarthrosis: a supplement registry
Belcaro G, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Hosoi M, Ledda A, Feragalli B et al. · 2018
107
Movardol® (N-acetylglucosamine, Boswellia serrata, ginger) supplementation in the management of knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results from a 6-month registry study
Bolognesi G, Belcaro G, Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Cotellese R, Hu S et al. · 2016
108
Unlocking Relief: Investigating the Impact of a Fixed Combination of Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Palmitoylethanolamide on Traumatic Acute Low Back Pain
Cominacini M, Valenti MT, Braggio M, Caramori A, Vedovi E, Dalle Carbonare L · 2025
109
Use of an alfa-lipoic, Methylsulfonylmethane, Boswellia serrata and Bromelain dietary supplement (OPERA®) for aromatase inhibitors-related arthralgia management (AIA): a prospective phase II trial (NCT04161833)
Desideri I, Lucidi S, Francolini G, Meattini I, Ciccone LP, Salvestrini V et al. · 2022
110
Managing ulcerative colitis in remission phase: usefulness of Casperome®, an innovative lecithin-based delivery system of Boswellia serrata extract
Pellegrini L, Milano E, Franceschi F, Belcaro G, Gizzi G, Feragalli B et al. · 2016
111
Safety assessment of turmeric-boswellia-sesame formulation in healthy adult volunteers: An open-label prospective study
Kim SK, Jayachandran V, Vo TS, Wijesekara I · 2025
112
The association of Boswellia resin extract and propolis derived polyphenols can improve quality of life in patients affected by prostatitis-like symptoms
Sibona M, Destefanis P, Agnello M, Lillaz B, Giuliano M, Cai T et al. · 2020
113
A standardised frankincense extract reduces disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (the SABA phase IIa trial)
Stürner KH, Stellmann JP, Dörr J, Paul F, Friede T, Schammler S et al. · 2018
114
Acmella oleracea and Boswellia serrata for Symptom Relief and Reduced Analgesic Use in Women with Dysmenorrhea
Schettino MT, Vastarella MG, Riemma G, Dores E, Turco F, De Franciscis P · 2025
115
Pumpkin seeds, Centella asiatica, Boswellia, Helichrysum, acetate vitamin E, Melaleuca alternifolia and hyaluronic acid phytocomplex monotherapy effects in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Di Vico T, Durante J, Polito C, Tognarelli A, Canale D, Caglieresi C et al. · 2020
116
Lipid Mediator Profiles Predict Response to Therapy with an Oral Frankincense Extract in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Stürner KH, Werz O, Koeberle A, Otto M, Pless O, Leypoldt F et al. · 2020
117
Use of an alpha lipoic, methylsulfonylmethane and bromelain dietary supplement (Opera®) for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy management, a prospective study
Desideri I, Francolini G, Becherini C, Terziani F, Delli Paoli C, Olmetto E et al. · 2017
118
A novel lecithin-based delivery form of Boswellic acids as complementary treatment of radiochemotherapy-induced cerebral edema in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a longitudinal pilot experience
Di Pierro F, Simonetti G, Petruzzi A, Bertuccioli A, Botta L, Bruzzone MG et al. · 2019
119
Efficacy of a Preparation based on Symbiotic Association Between Inulin, FOS, L. rhamnosus GG, Bromelin, Boswellia, Vitamin D3, Quercetin and L-tryptophan in Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Retrospective Multicenter Study
Mocci G, Orrù G, Elisei W, Usai Satta P, Onidi FM, Tursi A · 2025
120
The Effects of Essential Oil on Salivary Oxytocin Concentration in Postmenopausal Women
Tarumi W, Shinohara K · 2020
121
Five Herbs Plus Thiamine Reduce Pain and Improve Functional Mobility in Patients With Pain: A Pilot Study
Hedaya R · 2017
122
Pharmacokinetics of solid lipid Boswellia serrata particles in healthy subjects
Kulkarni PD, Damle ND, Hingorani L, Bhaskar VH, Ghante MR, Patil A et al. · 2021
123
Long-term efficacy of Boswellia serrata in four patients with chronic cluster headache
Lampl C, Haider B, Schweiger C · 2012
124
Treatment of adverse radiation effects with Boswellia serrata after failure of pentoxifylline and vitamin E: illustrative cases
Warnick RE · 2023
125
Disappearance of Plaque Following Treatment with Antioxidants in Peyronie's Disease Patients-A Report of 3 Cases
Paulis G, De Giorgio G · 2022
126
Possible role of frankincense in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm
Baker MJ, Harrison AR, Lee MS · 2023
127
Boswellia serrata intoxication manifesting with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hyponatremia, seizure, and rhabdomyolysis
Finsterer J · 2024
128
Effect of extract from Boswellia serrata gum resin on decrease of GAD65 autoantibodies in a patient with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Franić Z, Franić Z, Vrkić N, Gabaj NN, Petek I · 2020
129
Frankincense Essential Oil as a Supportive Therapy for Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Case Study
Reis D, Jones TT · 2018
130
Cancer Chemopreventive Effects of Boswellia sacra Gum Resin Hydrodistillates on Invasive Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: Report of a Case
Xia D, Lou W, Fung KM, Wolley CL, Suhail MM, Lin HK · 2017
131
Aromatherapy to Reduce Stress in Nurses: A Pilot Study
Allen J, Shekelle PG, Booth M · 2026
132
Traditional medicine practices and dimensions in the North Al-Batinah region of Oman: frankincense as a case study
Harrathi H, Al-Qasimi A, Dridi M, Al-Sheerawi N, Jlassi M · 2026
133
Positive Effect of Lecithin-Based Delivery Form of Curcuma and Boswellia Extracts on Irritable Bowel Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection
Giacosa A, Barrile GC, Gasparri C, Perna S, Rondanelli M · 2025
134
Variation of inflammatory indexes in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis treated with an herbal compound/extract
Cindolo L, Fabiani A, Vitelli D, Cianci F, Gatti L, Ghidini N et al. · 2023
135
Anatomical and Functional Effects of Oral Administration of Curcuma Longa and Boswellia Serrata Combination in Patients with Treatment-Naïve Diabetic Macular Edema
Guarino O, Iovino C, Di Iorio V, Rosolia A, Schiavetti I, Lanza M et al. · 2022
136
Benefits of a Food Supplement Containing Boswellia serrata and Bromelain for Improving the Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Italiano G, Raimondo M, Giannetti G, Gargiulo A · 2020
137
Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease management: an innovative food-grade formulation of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata extracts
Giacosa A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Fazia T, Bernardinelli L et al. · 2020
138
Cardiac arrest and stroke due to unsupervised use of herbal preparation
Alshammari MA, Hassan A, Alsaihati AS, Aldera FH, Alaithan HS · 2020
139
Prevalence of herbal medicines in patients with chronic allergic disorders in Western Saudi Arabia
Koshak AE · 2019
140
Effect of Sri Lankan traditional medicine and Ayurveda on Sandhigata Vata (osteoarthritis of knee joint)
Perera PK, Perera M, Kumarasinghe N · 2014
141
PREPARATION FOR WEIGHT LOSS MANAGEMENT
CHATTERJI ARUN K · 2011
142
Oral Curcumin for Tendon Health: An Appraisal on Carrier Systems, Bioenhancers, and Synergistic Formulations
Siti HN, Lua PL, Taib MNA, Zulfarina MS, Nordin ML, Sharifudin MA · 2026
143
A Panoramic Review on the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis through Herbalism
Chaudhary S, Sharma S, Fuloria S · 2025
144
Targeting psoriatic inflammation with natural compounds: mechanistic insights and therapeutic promise
Mustafa AM, Atwa AM, Elgindy AM, Alkabbani MA, Ibrahim KM, Esmail MM et al. · 2025
145
Selected Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Agents in IBD
Dzwonkowski M, Bahirwani J, Rollins S, Muratore A, Christian V, Schneider Y · 2025
146
Nature's Pharmacy: Herbal Interventions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Mittal V, Sharma A, Barak A, Singhal A · 2025
147
Exploring herbal synergies in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a multifaceted approach to inflammation and joint health
Verma S, Panchpuri M, Dwibedi V, Rath SK, Devi A · 2025
148
Immunomodulatory Role of Plants and Their Constituents on the Management of Metabolic Disorders: An Evidence-Based Review
Febriyanti RM, Levita J, Diantini A · 2024
149
Pathophysiology of diabetic hepatopathy and molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals
Mobasheri L, Ahadi M, Beheshti Namdar A, Alavi MS, Bemidinezhad A, Moshirian Farahi SM et al. · 2023
150
Frankincense of Boswellia sacra: Traditional and modern applied uses, pharmacological activities, and clinical trials
Khalifa SAM, Kotb SM, El-Seedi SH, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Guo Z et al. · 2023
151
Non-drug pain relievers active on non-opioid pain mechanisms
Marchesi N, Govoni S, Allegri M · 2022
152
Potential complementary and/or synergistic effects of curcumin and boswellic acids for management of osteoarthritis
Sethi V, Garg M, Herve M, Mobasheri A · 2022
153
EFFICACY OF HERBAL AND NATURALLY-DERIVED DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A MINI-REVIEW
Żęgota Z, Goździk J, Głogowska-Szeląg J · 2021
154
Potential therapeutic effects of boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
Gomaa AA, Farghaly HA, Abdel-Wadood YA, Gomaa GA · 2021
155
Boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic agent in the elderly
Gomaa AA, Mohamed HS, Abd-Ellatief RB, Gomaa MA · 2021
156
The Anti-inflammatory Potential of Selected Plant-derived Compounds in Respiratory Diseases
Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Skała E, Pawliczak R · 2020
157
Management of periorbital hyperpigmentation: An overview of nature-based agents and alternative approaches
Sawant O, Khan T · 2020
158
Which supplements can I recommend to my osteoarthritis patients?
Liu X, Eyles J, McLachlan AJ, Mobasheri A · 2018
159
Natural Products for Promoting Joint Health and Managing Osteoarthritis
Henrotin Y, Mobasheri A · 2018
160
A Review of Herbal Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Mojaverrostami S, Bojnordi MN, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Hamidabadi HG · 2018
161
Current status of top 10 nutraceuticals used for Knee Osteoarthritis in India
Vaishya R, Agarwal AK, Shah A, Vijay V, Vaish A · 2018
162
A novel boswellic acids delivery form (Casperome®) in the management of musculoskeletal disorders: a review
Riva A, Allegrini P, Franceschi F, Togni S, Giacomelli L, Eggenhoffner R · 2017
163
Dietary Supplement Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Parian A, Limketkai BN · 2016
164
Herbal and plant therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Triantafyllidi A, Xanthos T, Papalois A, Triantafillidis JK · 2015

Every statement on this page carries its evidence tier — proven, plausible or hypothesis — and leads to the original work. The decision in the individual case rests with the practitioner; we provide the connections.